Industry Statistics and Trends
Market size and recent performance (2015-2030)
Industry revenue has declined at a CAGR of 0.2 % over the past five years, to reach an estimated £993.6m in 2025.
Trends and Insights
Public funding remains a cornerstone of financial stability for the industry
- Botanical and zoological gardens rely heavily on public and philanthropic funding to deliver conservation, education and research programmes. These activities aren’t always commercially viable, making external support essential to day-to-day activities.
- Additional trends and insights available with purchase
Source: IBISWorld
Industry outlook (2025-2030)
Market size is projected to grow over the next five years.
Trends and Insights
Environmental values will remain central to the industry’s future
- Public concern around climate change, biodiversity loss and animal ethics is intensifying. According to a 2025 YouGov survey, 51% of Britons want to phase out keeping large animals in captivity. These values increasingly shape how the public engages with leisure attractions, including whether they view zoos and gardens as part of the solution or the problem.
Biggest companies in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens in the UK
| Company | Market Share (%)
2026 | Revenue (£m)
2026 |
|---|---|---|
Zoological Society of London | 89.3 | |
The North of England Zoological Society | 70.9 | |
Merlin Entertainments (SEA LIFE) Ltd | 67.2 |
To view the market share and analysis for all 4 top companies in this industry, view purchase options.
Products & Services Segmentation
Source: IBISWorld
Industry revenue is measured across several distinct product and services lines, including Zoological gardens, Aquariums and Botanical gardens. Zoological gardens is the largest segment of the Botanical & Zoological Gardens in the UK.
Trends and Insights
Zoological exhibits reposition as conservation and education hubs
- Zoological exhibits showcase live animals to the public, forming the backbone of zoos and wildlife parks. In 2024, the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums members welcomed 30 million visits, highlighting the enduring appeal of zoological attractions.
- More insights available in the full report
Table of Contents
About this industry
Industry definition
Companies in this industry operate and maintain botanical and zoological gardens. This includes children’s zoos, nature reserves and wildlife conservation areas. They also care for the animals and plants that live within these establishments.
What's included in this industry?
Products and services covered in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom include Botanical gardens, Zoological gardens, Children's zoos, Aquariums, Nature reserves and Conserving wildlife and habitats.Companies
Companies covered in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom include Zoological Society of London, The North of England Zoological Society and Merlin Entertainments (SEA LIFE) Ltd.Purchase this report to view all 4 major companies in this industry.
Related Terms
Related terms covered in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom include seed bank, genera and botanical garden.Industry Code
SIC 91.04 - Botanical & Zoological Gardens in the UK
Performance
Get an indication of the industry's health through historical, current and forward-looking trends in the performance indicators that make or break businesses.
Analyst insights
Grant volatility remains a key financial challenge for smaller institutions. As public funding becomes more competitive and project-based, smaller sites struggle to maintain ...
In this chapter (4)
- Current Performance
- Outlook
- Volatility
- Life Cycle
Key metrics
- Annual Revenue, Recent Growth, Forecast, Revenue Volatility
- Number of Employees, Recent Growth, Forecast, Employees per Business, Revenue per Employee
- Number of Businesses, Recent Growth, Forecast, Employees per Business, Revenue per Business
- Total Profit, Profit Margin, Profit per Business
Charts
- Revenue, including historical (2015-2024) and forecast (2025-2030)
- Employees, including historical (2015-2024) and forecast (2025-2030)
- Businesses, including historical (2015-2024) and forecast (2025-2030)
- Profit, including historical (2015-2025)
- Industry Volatility vs. Revenue Growth
- Industry Life Cycle
Detailed analysis
- Trends in supply, demand and current events that are driving current industry performance
- Expected trends, economic factors and ongoing events that drive the industry's outlook
- Key success factors for businesses to overcome volatility
- How contribution to GDP, industry saturation, innovation, consolidation, and technology and systems influence the industry's life cycle phase.
Products and Markets
Learn about an industry's products and services, markets and trends in international trade.
Analyst insight
Zoological and botanical sites are expanding their education and conservation roles. New regulations and public expectations push zoos and gardens to deliver more visible, mi...
In this chapter
- Products & Services
- Major Markets
Key metrics
- Largest market segment and value in 2025
- Product innovation level
Charts
- Products & services segmentation in 2025
- Major market segmentation in 2025
Detailed analysis
- Trends impacting the recent performance of the industry's various segments
- Innovations in the industry's product or service offering, specialization or delivery method
- Key factors that successful businesses consider in their offerings
- Buying segments and key trends influencing demand for industry products and services
Geographic Breakdown
Discover where business activity is most concentrated in an industry and the factors driving these trends to find opportunities and conduct regional benchmarking.
Analyst insights
The South East and East support major sites with space and tourism.Access to London, strong transport links and heritage settings attract year-round visitors and funding, allo...
In this chapter (1)
- Business Locations
Charts
- Share of revenue, establishment, wages and employment in each region
- Share of population compared to establishments in each region in 2025
Tables
- Number and share of establishments in each region in 2025
- Number and share of revenue each region accounts for in 2025
- Number and share of wages each region accounts for in 2025
- Number and share of employees in each region in 2025
Detailed analysis
- Geographic spread of the industry across Europe, and trends associated with changes in the business landscape
- Key success factors for businesses to use location to their advantage
Competitive Forces
Get data and insights on what's driving competition in an industry and the challenges industry operators and new entrants may face, with analysis built around Porter's Five Forces framework.
Analyst insights
Historic brands are tightening their hold on the industry. Long-established institutions benefit from strong name recognition, steady visitor traffic and proven fundraising a...
In this chapter (4)
- Concentration
- Barriers to Entry
- Substitutes
- Buyer & Supplier Analysis
Key metrics
- Industry concentration level
- Industry competition level and trend
- Barriers to entry level and trend
- Substitutes level and trend
- Buyer power level and trend
- Supplier power level and trend
Charts
- Market share concentration among the top 4 suppliers from 2020-2025
- Supply chain including upstream supplying industries and downstream buying industries, flow chart
Detailed analysis
- Factors impacting the industry’s level of concentration, such as business distribution, new entrants, or merger and acquisition activity.
- Key success factors for businesses to manage the competitive environment of the industry.
- Challenges that potential industry entrants face such as legal, start-up costs, differentiation, labor/capital intensity and capital expenses.
- Key success factors for potential entrants to overcome barriers to entry.
- Competitive threats from potential substitutes for the industry’s own products and services.
- Key success factors for how successful businesses can compete with substitutes.
- Advantages that buyers have to keep favorable purchasing conditions.
- Advantages that suppliers have to maintain favorable selling conditions.
- Key success factors for how businesses can navigate buyer and supplier power.
Companies
Learn about the performance of the top companies in the industry.
Analyst insights
Kew Gardens is using exhibitions to boost year-round attendance. Rotating art-led displays such as The Power of Trees attract broad audiences and drive retail income. These e...
In this chapter
- Market Share Concentration
- Companies
- Company Spotlights
Charts
- Industry market share by company in 2021 through 2025
- Major companies in the industry, including market share, revenue, profit and profit margin in 2025
- Overview of Zoological Society of London's performance by revenue, market share and profit margin from 2019 through 2025
- Overview of The North of England Zoological Society's performance by revenue, market share and profit margin from 2019 through 2025
- Overview of Merlin Entertainments (SEA LIFE) Ltd's performance by revenue, market share and profit margin from 2019 through 2025
- Overview of revenue, market share and profit margin trend for one additional company
Detailed analysis
- Description and key data for Zoological Society of London, and factors influencing its performance in the industry
- Description and key data for The North of England Zoological Society, and factors influencing its performance in the industry
- Description and key data for Merlin Entertainments (SEA LIFE) Ltd, and factors influencing its performance in the industry
- Description, key data and performance trends for one additional company
External Environment
Understand the demographic, economic and regulatory factors that shape how businesses in an industry perform.
Analyst insights
Licensing laws shape everyday animal care and facility design. The Zoo Licensing Act 1981 requires licensed institutions to support natural animal behaviours. Non-compliance ...
In this chapter
- External Drivers
- Regulation & Policy
- Assistance
Key metrics
- Regulation & policy level and trend
- Assistance level and trend
Charts
- Regulation & Policy historical data and forecast (2015-2030)
- Assistance historical data and forecast (2015-2030)
Detailed analysis
- Demographic and macroeconomic factors influencing the industry, including Regulation & Policy and Assistance
- Major types of regulations, regulatory bodies, industry standards or specific regulations impacting requirements for industry operators
- Key governmental and non-governmental groups or policies that may provide some relief for industry operators.
Financial Benchmarks
View average costs for industry operators and compare financial data against an industry's financial benchmarks over time.
Analyst insights
Rising food and wage costs are squeezing margins. While major sites benefit from diverse revenue streams, persistent inflation in food services and higher wage floors continu...
In this chapter
- Cost Structure
- Financial Ratios
- Key Ratios
Key metrics
- Profit margin, and how it compares to the sector-wide margin
- Average wages, and how it compares to the sector-wide average wage
- Largest cost component as a percentage of revenue
- Industry average ratios for days' receivables, industry coverage and debt-to-net-worth ratio
Charts
- Average industry operating costs as a share of revenue, including purchases, wages, depreciation, utilities, rent, other costs and profit in 2025
- Average sector operating costs as a share of revenue, including purchases, wages, depreciation, utilities, rent, other costs and profit in 2025
- Investment vs. share of economy
Data tables
- Liquidity Ratios (2019-2023)
- Coverage Ratios (2019-2023)
- Leverage Ratios (2019-2023)
- Operating Ratios (2019-2023)
- Assets (2019-2023)
- Liabilities (2019-2023)
- Cash Flow & Debt Service Ratios (2015-2030)
- Revenue per Employee (2015-2030)
- Revenue per Enterprise (2015-2030)
- Employees per Establishment (2015-2030)
- Employees per Enterprise (2015-2030)
- Average Wage (2015-2030)
- Wages/Revenue (2015-2030)
- Establishments per Enterprise (2015-2030)
- IVA/Revenue (2015-2030)
- Imports/Demand (2015-2030)
- Exports/Revenue (2015-2030)
Detailed analysis
- Trends in the cost component for industry operators and their impact on industry costs and profitability
Key Statistics
Industry Data
Data Tables
Including values and annual change:
- Revenue (2015-2030)
- IVA (2015-2030)
- Establishments (2015-2030)
- Enterprises (2015-2030)
- Employment (2015-2030)
- Exports (2015-2030)
- Imports (2015-2030)
- Wages (2015-2030)
Top Questions Answered
Unlock comprehensive answers and precise data upon purchase. View purchase options.
What is the market size of the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom in 2025?
The market size of the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom is £993.6m in 2025.
How many businesses are there in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom in 2025?
There are 399 businesses in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom, which has grown at a CAGR of 0.7 % between 2020 and 2025.
How may import tariffs affect the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom?
The Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom is unlikely to be materially impacted by import tariffs with imports accounting for a low share of industry revenue.
How may export tariffs affect the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom?
The Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom is unlikely to be materially impacted by export tariffs with exports accounting for a low share of industry revenue.
Has the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom grown or declined over the past 5 years?
The market size of the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom has been declining at a CAGR of 0.2 % between 2020 and 2025.
What is the forecast growth of the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom over the next 5 years?
Over the next five years, the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom is expected to grow.
What are the biggest companies in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom?
The biggest companies operating in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom are Zoological Society of London, The North of England Zoological Society and Merlin Entertainments (SEA LIFE) Ltd
What does the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom include?
Botanical gardens and Zoological gardens are part of the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom.
Which companies have the highest market share in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom?
The company holding the most market share in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom is Zoological Society of London.
How competitive is the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom?
The level of competition is moderate and steady in the Botanical & Zoological Gardens industry in the United Kingdom.
Methodology
How are IBISWorld reports created?
IBISWorld has been a leading provider of trusted industry research for over 50 years to the most successful companies worldwide. With offices in Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and China, we are proud to have local teams of analysts that conduct research, data analysis and forecasting to produce data-driven industry reports.
Our analysts start with official, verified and publicly available sources of data to build the most accurate picture of each industry. Analysts then leverage their expertise and knowledge of the local markets to synthesize trends into digestible content for IBISWorld readers. Finally, each report is reviewed by one of IBISWorld’s editors, who provide quality assurance to ensure accuracy and readability.
IBISWorld relies on human-verified data and human-written analysis to compile each standard industry report. We do not use generative AI tools to write insights, although members can choose to leverage AI-based tools within the platform to generate additional analysis formats.
What data sources do IBISWorld analysts use?
Each industry report incorporates data and research from government databases, industry-specific sources, industry contacts, and our own proprietary database of statistics and analysis to provide balanced, independent and accurate insights.
Key data sources in the UK include:
- Office for National Statistics
- Office for Budget Responsibility
- Bank of England
Analysts also use industry specific sources to complement catch-all sources, although their perspective may focus on a particular organization or representative body, rather than a clear overview of all industry operations. However, when balanced against other perspectives, industry-specific sources provide insights into industry trends.
These sources include:
- Industry and trade associations
- Industry federations or regulators
- Major industry players annual or quarterly filings
Finally, IBISWorld’s global data scientists maintain a proprietary database of macroeconomic and demand drivers, which our analysts use to help inform industry data and trends. They also maintain a database of statistics and analysis on thousands of industries, which has been built over our more than 50-year history and offers comprehensive insights into long-term trends.
How does IBISWorld forecast its data?
IBISWorld’s analysts and data scientists use the sources above to create forecasts for our proprietary datasets and industry statistics. Depending on the dataset, they may use regression analysis, multivariate analysis, time-series analysis or exponential smoothing techniques to project future data for the industry or driver. Additionally, analysts will leverage their local knowledge of industry operating and regulatory conditions to impart their best judgment on the forecast model.
IBISWorld prides itself on being a trusted, independent source of data, with over 50 years of experience building and maintaining rich datasets and forecasting tools. We are proud to be the keystone source of industry information for thousands of companies across the world.
Learn more about our methodology and data sourcing on the Help Center.
